22. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 57.
23. Munford, Puncturing the Counterinsurgency Myth, 14.
24. Edwards, “Misapplying Lessons Learned?” 318.
25. Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 159–67.
26. MOD, Operation Banner, 8.11–12, 8.3; 8.13–17, 8.4; 8.20–21, 8.6; Huw Bennett, “The Reluctant Pupil? Britain’s Army and Learning in Counter-insurgency,” RUSI Military History Circle Commentary (October 2009), www.rusi.org/analysis/commentary/ref:C4AD22F8DF284C/; Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 78–79.
27. Paddy Devlin, Straight Left: An Autobiography (Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1994), 129–30. Цитируется в работе: Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 162; MOD, Operation Banner, 8.43, 8.11; Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 61.
28. Edwards, “Misapplying Lessons Learned?” 318.
29. Huw Bennett, “‘Smoke without Fire’? Allegations against the British Army in Northern Ireland, 1972–5,” Twentieth Century British History (2012), 1–30; Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 77; Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 44–47.
30. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 73, 76.
31. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 54–62.
32. Lord Diplock, Report of the Commission to consider legal procedures to deal with terrorist activities in Northern Ireland, para 37.
33. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 85, 98; Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 66–72.
34. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 85–87, 107.
35. MOD, Operation Banner, 2.44, 2.15.
36. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 71–72.
37. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 67; Нойманн считает, что в некоторых эксцессах САС обвиняли несправедливо. Тем не менее, британское правительство вскоре признало недостатки в деятельности Специальной Авиадесантной Службы и с 1978 года начало сокращать её использование. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 106–107, 130–32.
38. Событием, изменившим критические голоса католиков, стала публикация доклада Беннета о жестокости полиции в Северной Ирландии. Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 181–83. Другие могут утверждать, что забастовки в государственном секторе стали более важным фактором в победе Тэтчер. MOD, Operation Banner, 2.40, 2.41, 2.14.
39. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 88–95; MOD, Operation Banner, 2.40, 2.41, 2.14.
40. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 130–31.
41. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 133–36.
42. Разговор с Джоном Бью, 14 июня 2010 г.
43. Интервью с Джоном Бью, Остин, штат Техас, 12 июня 2012 г.
44. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 76, 110.
45. Bennett, “The Reluctant Pupil?”
46. Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 188–90.
47. Edward Moloney, The Secret History of the IRA (London: Penguin, 2007), 18–23; Iron, “Britain’s Longest War,” 183.
48. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 159.
49. Bew et al., Talking to Terrorists, 109, 112–13, 149–66; Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 191–94.
50. Octavian Manea, “Counterinsurgency as a Whole of Government Approach: Notes on the British Army Field Manual Weltanschauung: An Interview with Colonel Alexander Alderson,” Small Wars Journal (January 24, 2011), 8, http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/counterinsurgency-as-a-whole-of-governmentapproach.
51. “Army Paper Says IRA Not Defeated,” BBC News, July 6, 2007, http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6276416.stm.
52. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 180.
53. Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 182.
54. Iron, “Britain’s Longest War,”183; MOD, Operation Banner, 8.16, 8.4; 8.55, 8.15.
55. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 108.
56. MOD, Operation Banner, 8.51, 8.14.
57. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 28. С другой стороны, Джон Бью считает, что путь к англо-ирландскому соглашению от 15 ноября 1985 года проложили ирландские бомбардировки Великобритании, особенно взрыв в Гранд-отеле в Брайтоне в октябре 1984 года, где останавливались Маргарет Тэтчер и большая часть Консервативной партии. Интервью с автором.
58. Newsinger, British Counterinsurgency, 190–92.
59. Munford, Puncturing the Counterinsurgency Myth, 4.
60. Bennett, “The Reluctant Pupil?”
61. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 155.
62. Neumann, Britain’s Long War, 182–83.
10. Вьетнам со счастливым концом: «Усиление» в Ираке
1. Такие работы, как: Brian McAllister Linn, The Echo of Battle: The Army’s Way of War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 193; David W. Hogan, Jr., “Head and Heart: The Dilemmas of American Attitudes toward War,” Journal of Military History 75:4 (October 2011), 1046–47, описывают экономическую, интеллектуальную и политическую эволюцию 1970-х годов.
2. Andrew Bacevich, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010), 116, 155.
3. Jeffrey Record, “Back to the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine?” Strategic Studies Quarterly (Fall 2007), 80, www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/fall/record.pdf.
4. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 194–97; Hogan, “Head and Heart,” 1048–49.
5. Эти события описаны в работах: Linn, The Echo of Battle, Chapter 7; and John L. Romjue, The Army of Excellence: The Development of the 1980s Army (Fort Monroe, VA: Office of the Command Historian, US Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1993); Andrew J. Bacevich, The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War (Oxford University Press, 2005), 34–47; Major Paul H. Herbert, Deciding What Has to Be Done: General William E. De Puy and the 1976 Edition of FM 100–5, Operations (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1988).
6. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 221.
7. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 213; James A. Russell, Innovation, Transformation, and War: Counterinsurgency Operations in Anbar and Ninewa Provinces, Iraq, 2005–2007 (Stanford University Press, 2011), 3.
8. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 215, 228; Romjue, The Army of Excellence, 45–82, 111–25.
9. Simon Anglim, Orde Wingate and the British Army 1922–1944 (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2010), 210–11.
10. Romjue, The Army of Excellence, 82–83; USSOCOM History and Research Office, United States Special Operations Command History, 1987–2007 (USSOCOM/SOCS-HO: MacDill AFB, FL, 2007), 5–7.
11. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 9.
12. Hogan, “Head and Heart,” 1048.
13. Bacevich, The New American Militarism, 168.
14. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (New York: Basic Books, 2003), xxv.
15. Timothy H. Parsons, The Rule of Empires (Oxford University Press, 2010), особенно главы 4 и 6, посвященные Британской Империи.
16. Bacevich, The New American Militarism, 60–65.
17. Linn, The Echo of Battle, 224–32; Romjue, The Army of Excellence, 16, 74–77; Bacevich, Washington Rules, 160–64.
18. Bacevich, Washington Rules, 171.
19. Bacevich, The New American Militarism, 93, 162–92.
20. Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York: Free Press, 2002).
21. Eliot A. Cohen, Making Do with Less, or Coping with Upton’s Ghost (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, May, 26, 1995), 5, 7–9.
22. Richard H. Kohn, “Tarnished Brass: Is the Military Profession in Decline?” World Affairs 171:4 (Spring 2009), 73–83; Thomas E. Ricks, “Is American Military Professionalism Declining?” Proceedings Magazine, US Naval Institute, 124/7/1 (July 1998); Linn, The Echo of Battle, Chapter 7.
23. Eric Schmitt and Thom Shanker, “The Reach of War: Military; Special Warriors Have Growing Ranks and Growing Pains in Taking Key Anti-Terror Role,” New York Times, August 2, 2004.
24. «Я собираюсь указать пальцем на моих коллег-республиканцев. Им нравится